Uga Wangsit Siliwangi (sunda)

Carita Pantun Ngahiangna Pajajaran

Pun, sapun kula jurungkeun
Mukakeun turub mandepun
Nyampeur nu dihandeuleumkeun
Teundeun poho nu baréto
Nu mangkuk di saung butut
Ukireun dina lalangit
Tataheun di jero iga!

Saur Prabu Siliwangi ka balad Pajajaran anu milu mundur dina sateuacana ngahiang : “Lalakon urang ngan nepi ka poé ieu, najan dia kabéhan ka ngaing pada satia! Tapi ngaing henteu meunang mawa dia pipilueun, ngilu hirup jadi balangsak, ngilu rudin bari lapar. Dia mudu marilih, pikeun hirup ka hareupna, supaya engké jagana, jembar senang sugih mukti, bisa ngadegkeun deui Pajajaran! Lain Pajajaran nu kiwari, tapi Pajajaran anu anyar, nu ngadegna digeuingkeun ku obah jaman! Pilih! ngaing moal ngahalang-halang. Sabab pikeun ngaing, hanteu pantes jadi Raja, anu somah sakabéhna, lapar baé jeung balangsak.”

Daréngékeun! Nu dék tetep ngilu jeung ngaing, geura misah ka beulah kidul! Anu hayang balik deui ka dayeuh nu ditinggalkeun, geura misah ka beulah kalér! Anu dék kumawula ka nu keur jaya, geura misah ka beulah wétan! Anu moal milu ka saha-saha, geura misah ka beulah kulon!

Daréngékeun! Dia nu di beulah wétan, masing nyaraho: Kajayaan milu jeung dia! Nya turunan dia nu engkéna bakal maréntah ka dulur jeung ka batur. Tapi masing nyaraho, arinyana bakal kamalinaan. Engkéna bakal aya babalesna. Jig geura narindak!

Dia nu di beulah kulon! Papay ku dia lacak Ki Santang! Sabab engkéna, turunan dia jadi panggeuing ka dulur jeung ka batur. Ka batur urut salembur, ka dulur anu nyorang saayunan ka sakabéh nu rancagé di haténa. Engké jaga, mun tengah peuting, ti gunung Halimun kadéngé sora tutunggulan, tah éta tandana; saturunan dia disambat ku nu dék kawin di Lebak Cawéné. Ulah sina talangké, sabab talaga bakal bedah! Jig geura narindak! Tapi ulah ngalieuk ka tukang!

Dia nu marisah ka beulah kalér, daréngékeun! Dayeuh ku dia moal kasampak. Nu ka sampak ngan ukur tegal baladaheun. Turunan dia, lolobana bakal jadi somah. Mun aya nu jadi pangkat, tapi moal boga kakawasaan. Arinyana engké jaga, bakal ka seundeuhan batur. Loba batur ti nu anggang, tapi batur anu nyusahkeun. Sing waspada!

Sakabéh turunan dia ku ngaing bakal dilanglang. Tapi, ngan di waktu anu perelu. Ngaing bakal datang deui, nulungan nu barutuh, mantuan anu sarusah, tapi ngan nu hadé laku-lampahna. Mun ngaing datang moal kadeuleu; mun ngaing nyarita moal kadéngé. Mémang ngaing bakal datang. Tapi ngan ka nu rancagé haténa, ka nu weruh di semu anu saéstu, anu ngarti kana wangi anu sajati jeung nu surti lantip pikirna, nu hadé laku lampahna. Mun ngaing datang; teu ngarupa teu nyawara, tapi méré céré ku wawangi. Ti mimiti poé ieu, Pajajaran leungit ti alam hirup. Leungit dayeuhna, leungit nagarana. Pajajaran moal ninggalkeun tapak, jaba ti ngaran pikeun nu mapay. Sabab bukti anu kari, bakal réa nu malungkir! Tapi engké jaga bakal aya nu nyoba-nyoba, supaya anu laleungit kapanggih deui. Nya bisa, ngan mapayna kudu maké amparan. Tapi anu marapayna loba nu arieu-aing pang pinterna. Mudu arédan heula.

Engké bakal réa nu kapanggih, sabagian-sabagian. Sabab kaburu dilarang ku nu disebut Raja Panyelang! Aya nu wani ngoréhan terus terus, teu ngahiding ka panglarang; ngoréhan bari ngalawan, ngalawan sabari seuri. Nyaéta budak angon; imahna di birit leuwi, pantona batu satangtungeun, kahieuman ku handeuleum, karimbunan ku hanjuang. Ari ngangonna? Lain kebo lain embé, lain méong lain banténg, tapi kalakay jeung tutunggul. Inyana jongjon ngorehan, ngumpulkeun anu kapanggih. Sabagian disumputkeun, sabab acan wayah ngalalakonkeun. Engke mun geus wayah jeung mangsana, baris loba nu kabuka jeung raréang ménta dilalakonkeun. Tapi, mudu ngalaman loba lalakon, anggeus nyorang: undur jaman datang jaman, saban jaman mawa lalakon. Lilana saban jaman, sarua jeung waktuna nyukma, ngusumah jeung nitis, laju nitis dipinda sukma.

Daréngékeun! Nu kiwari ngamusuhan urang, jaradi rajana ngan bakal nepi mangsa: tanah bugel sisi Cibantaeun dijieun kandang kebo dongkol. Tah di dinya, sanagara bakal jadi sampalan, sampalan kebo barulé, nu diangon ku jalma jangkung nu tutunjuk di alun-alun. Ti harita, raja-raja dibelenggu. Kebo bulé nyekel bubuntut, turunan urang narik waluku, ngan narikna henteu karasa, sabab murah jaman seubeuh hakan.

Ti dinya, waluku ditumpakan kunyuk; laju turunan urang aya nu lilir, tapi lilirna cara nu kara hudang tina ngimpi. Ti nu laleungit, tambah loba nu manggihna. Tapi loba nu pahili, aya kabawa nu lain mudu diala! Turunan urang loba nu hanteu engeuh, yén jaman ganti lalakon ! Ti dinya gehger sanagara. Panto nutup di buburak ku nu ngaranteur pamuka jalan; tapi jalan nu pasingsal!

Nu tutunjuk nyumput jauh; alun-alun jadi suwung, kebo bulé kalalabur; laju sampalan nu diranjah monyét! Turunan urang ngareunah seuri, tapi seuri teu anggeus, sabab kaburu: warung béak ku monyét, sawah béak ku monyét, leuit béak ku monyét, kebon béak ku monyét, sawah béak ku monyét, cawéné rareuneuh ku monyét. Sagala-gala diranjah ku monyét. Turunan urang sieun ku nu niru-niru monyét. Panarat dicekel ku monyet bari diuk dina bubuntut. Walukuna ditarik ku turunan urang keneh. Loba nu paraeh kalaparan. ti dinya, turunan urang ngarep-ngarep pelak jagong, sabari nyanyahoanan maresék caturangga. Hanteu arengeuh, yén jaman geus ganti deui lalakon.

Laju hawar-hawar, ti tungtung sagara kalér ngaguruh ngagulugur, galudra megarkeun endog. Génjlong saamparan jagat! Ari di urang ? Ramé ku nu mangpring. Pangpring sabuluh-buluh gading. Monyét ngumpul ting rumpuyuk. Laju ngamuk turunan urang; ngamukna teu jeung aturan. loba nu paraéh teu boga dosa. Puguh musuh, dijieun batur; puguh batur disebut musuh. Ngadak-ngadak loba nu pangkat nu maréntah cara nu édan, nu bingung tambah baringung; barudak satepak jaradi bapa. nu ngaramuk tambah rosa; ngamukna teu ngilik bulu. Nu barodas dibuburak, nu harideung disieuh-sieuh. Mani sahéng buana urang, sabab nu ngaramuk, henteu beda tina tawon, dipaléngpéng keuna sayangna. Sanusa dijieun jagal. Tapi, kaburu aya nu nyapih; nu nyapihna urang sabrang.

Laju ngadeg deui raja, asalna jalma biasa. Tapi mémang titisan raja. Titisan raja baheula jeung biangna hiji putri pulo Dewata. da puguh titisan raja; raja anyar hésé apes ku rogahala! Ti harita, ganti deui jaman. Ganti jaman ganti lakon! Iraha? Hanteu lila, anggeus témbong bulan ti beurang, disusul kaliwatan ku béntang caang ngagenclang. Di urut nagara urang, ngadeg deui karajaan. Karajaan di jeroeun karajaan jeung rajana lain teureuh Pajajaran.

Laju aya deui raja, tapi raja, raja buta nu ngadegkeun lawang teu beunang dibuka, nangtungkeun panto teu beunang ditutup; nyieun pancuran di tengah jalan, miara heulang dina caringin, da raja buta! Lain buta duruwiksa, tapi buta henteu neuleu, buaya eujeung ajag, ucing garong eujeung monyét ngarowotan somah nu susah. Sakalina aya nu wani ngageuing; nu diporog mah lain satona, tapi jelema anu ngélingan. Mingkin hareup mingkin hareup, loba buta nu baruta, naritah deui nyembah berhala. Laju bubuntut salah nu ngatur, panarat pabeulit dina cacadan; da nu ngawalukuna lain jalma tukang tani. Nya karuhan: taraté hépé sawaréh, kembang kapas hapa buahna; buah paré loba nu teu asup kana aseupan……………………….. Da bonganan, nu ngebonna tukang barohong; nu tanina ngan wungkul jangji; nu palinter loba teuing, ngan pinterna kabalinger.

Ti dinya datang budak janggotan. Datangna sajamang hideung bari nyorén kanéron butut, ngageuingkeun nu keur sasar, ngélingan nu keur paroho. Tapi henteu diwararo! Da pinterna kabalinger, hayang meunang sorangan. Arinyana teu areungeuh, langit anggeus semu beureum, haseup ngebul tina pirunan. Boro-boro dék ngawaro, malah budak nu janggotan, ku arinyana ditéwak diasupkeun ka pangbérokan. Laju arinyana ngawut-ngawut dapur batur, majarkeun néangan musuh; padahal arinyana nyiar-nyiar pimusuheun.

Sing waspada! Sabab engké arinyana, bakal nyaram Pajajaran didongéngkeun. Sabab sarieuneun kanyahoan, saenyana arinyana anu jadi gara-gara sagala jadi dangdarat. Buta-buta nu baruta; mingkin hareup mingkin bedegong, ngaleuwihan kebo bulé. Arinyana teu nyaraho, jaman manusa dikawasaan ku sato!

Jayana buta-buta, hanteu pati lila; tapi, bongan kacarida teuing nyangsara ka somah anu pada ngarep-ngarep caringin reuntas di alun-alun. Buta bakal jaradi wadal, wadal pamolahna sorangan. Iraha mangsana? Engké, mun geus témbong budak angon! Ti dinya loba nu ribut, ti dapur laju salembur, ti lembur jadi sanagara! Nu barodo jaradi gélo marantuan nu garelut, dikokolotan ku budak buncireung! Matakna garelut? Marebutkeun warisan. Nu hawek hayang loba; nu boga hak marénta bagianana. Ngan nu aréling caricing. Arinyana mah ngalalajoan. Tapi kabarérang.

Nu garelut laju rareureuh; laju kakara arengeuh; kabéh gé taya nu meunang bagian. Sabab warisan sakabéh béak, béakna ku nu nyarekel gadéan. Buta-buta laju nyarusup, nu garelut jadi kareueung, sarieuneun ditempuhkeun leungitna nagara. Laju naréangan budak angon, nu saungna di birit leuwi nu pantona batu satangtung, nu dihateup ku handeuleum ditihangan ku hanjuang. Naréanganana budak tumbal. sejana dék marénta tumbal. Tapi, budak angon enggeus euweuh, geus narindak babarengan jeung budak anu janggotan; geus mariang pindah ngababakan, parindah ka Lebak Cawéné!

Nu kasampak ngan kari gagak, keur ngelak dina tutunggul. Daréngékeun! Jaman bakal ganti deui. tapi engké, lamun Gunung Gedé anggeus bitu, disusul ku tujuh gunung. Génjlong deui sajajagat. Urang Sunda disarambat; urang Sunda ngahampura. Hadé deui sakabéhanana. Sanagara sahiji deui. Nusa Jaya, jaya deui; sabab ngadeg ratu adil; ratu adil nu sajati.

Tapi ratu saha? Ti mana asalna éta ratu? Engké ogé dia nyaraho. Ayeuna mah, siar ku dia éta budak angon!

Jig geura narindak! Tapi, ulah ngalieuk ka tukang!

sourcehttp://nurahmad.wordpress.com/wasiat-nusantara/uga-wangsit-siliwangi-sunda/

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Museum of The Asian-African Conference

The Asian-African Conference which was held on 18th to 24th April 1955 in Bandung gained a big success both in formulating common concerns and in preparing operational guidance for cooperation among Asian African Nation as well as in creating world order and world peace. The conference has had a result Dasasila Bandung, which became the guideline for the colonized countries in fighting for their independence. It also became the fundamental principles in promoting world peace and international cooperation. The success of the conference was not only for the time being but also for the time after so that the soul and spirit of the Asian-African Conference becomes one of the most important factor that deciding world history.



All is a huge prestige that gained by the Asian African Nations. The spirit of Bandung had succeeded in widening the work volume among Asian African Nations. As a consequence, their influence and their role in international cooperation are increased and more respected.

In order to maintain those mentions above, it is important if the Asian-African Conference with its event is maintained eternally in a museum where the conference was held, Gedung Merdeka, Bandung, a city that is considered as a capital city and a source of inspiration for the Asian-African Nations.

As a Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, S.H., LL.M., often met and got involved in some discussions with some of the Asian African Leaders. They frequently asked him about Gedung Merdeka and City of Bandung, which was the venue of the Asian-African Conference. The discussions were always ended with their wishes to be able to visit Bandung and Gedung Merdeka.


Inspired by desires to eternalize the Asian-African Conference, the idea of establishing a Museum of the Asian-African Conference in Gedung Merdeka was born by Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, S.H., LL.M.. The idea was delivered in the meeting of the Committee for the Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of the Asian-African Conference (1980), which was attended by Directorate General of Culture, Prof. Dr. Haryati Soebadio as a representative for the Department of Culture and Education. Fortunately, the idea was fully supported including President of the Republic of Indonesia, Soeharto


The idea of establishing the Museum of the Asian-African Conference had been materialized by Joop Ave, the Executive Chairman of the Committee of the 25th Anniversary of the Asian-African Conference and Director General of Protocol and Consular in the Department of Foreign Affairs in cooperation with Department of Information, Department of Education and Culture, the Provincial Government of West Java, and Padjadjaran University. The technical planning and its execution was carried out by PT Decenta, Bandung.


The Museum of the Asian-African Conference was inaugurated by President of the Republic of Indonesia, Soeharto on 24th April 1980 as the culmination of the 25th Anniversary of the Asian-African Conference.

FACILITIES

1. PERMANENT EXHIBITION ROOM

Museum of the Asian-African Conference has a permanent exhibition room, which exhibits collections of three-dimension objects and documentary photos of Tugu Meeting, Colombo Conference, and Asian-African Conference 1955.
The exhibition room also provides:
- the historical events that become the historical background of the Asian- African Conference;
- the effect of the Asian-African Conference to the world;
- Gedung Merdeka from time to time;
- Profile of the participant countries of the Asian-African Conference that are performed in the multimedia.

In order to welcome the Delegates of the Tenth Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1992 in which Indonesia had been chosen as the host of the conference and became the Leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, the diorama describing the Opening Session of the Asian-African Conference was made।

Renovation of the Permanent Exhibition Room “The History of the Asian African Conference 1955”

In the framework of the Asian-African Summit 2005 and the 50th Anniversary of the Asian-African Conference on 22 - 24 April 2005, initiated by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. N. Hassan Wirajuda, the display of the exhibition room at the Museum of the Asian-African Conference was renovated. The renovation was materialized through the cooperation among Department of Foreign Affairs, Secretariat of State, and Provincial Government of West Java. The planning and the execution were carried out by Vico Design and Wika Realty.

The Groundwork of Making the Permanent Exhibition Room “History of the Struggle of the Asia Africa” and Hall of the National Identity of the Asian African Countries (2008)

Department of Foreign Affairs RI has a plan to develop the Museum of the Asian African Conference as a symbol of cooperation between two regions and develop it as a study center, the archive center, and documentation center. One of its efforts is by making some permanent exhibition rooms that perform some pictures and three dimension objects concerning the New Asian African Strategic Partnership / NAASP also some materials that describe the culture of both regions.

The establishment of the museum is planned to be real in April 2008l 2008, on the 3rd Anniversary of the Asian African Summit.

LIBRARY
The library provides many books on history, social, politic, and culture of the Asian African Countries and others; documents of the Asian-African Conference and its preliminary conferences; magazines and newspapers donated from other institutions or gained by purchase।

Along with the extension of the permanent exhibition rooms on April 2008, the library will also be developed as an Asian African Library Center which its process will be started in 2007. it is hoped that the library will be the main source of information about those two regions that provide some facilities such as wifi zone, bookshop café, digitall library and audio visual library.

AUDIO विसुअल


As well as the library, the audio visual was built in 1985. the presence of this museum is also inspired by Abdullah Kamil.

The room is applied to perform documentary films on world condition until 1950s, Asian-African Conference and its preliminary conferences, and films about the social, politic, and culture condition of the Asian-African Countries.

Open for public:

Monday-Friday 08.00-15.00 WIB

Contact:

Museum of The Asian-African Conference
Jl. Asia Afrika No. 65, Bandung 40111

Phone : (+62-22) 4233564/ 4238031
Fax : (+62-22) 4238031
E-mail : info@asianafrican-museum.org
Website : http://www.asianafrican-museum.org/

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History of Bandung

• 1488 - Bandung was founded as part of the Kingdom of Pajajaran.
• 1799 - VOC so that the bankruptcy of his diambilalih in the archipelago by the Dutch government. Bandung at that time led by the Regent R.A. Wiranatakusumah II.
• 1808 - the Netherlands Herman Willem Daendels as Governor-General in the archipelago after abandoned VOC.
• 1809 - Regent ordered the transfer of capital from rural areas to Karapyak River Cikapundung (square now) that the time is still forest but there are settlements in the north.
• 1810 - Daendels drive a stick on the edge of the river Cikapundung opposed to the square now. "Zorg, dat als ik terug hier een stad cereal bowl is gebouwd!" (Try, when I come back to here, a city has been built! "). Now the place is a central point or 0 KM city.
• 25 May 1810 - Daendels ask Bandung regent Parakanmuncang and move to the capital region.
• 25 September 1810 - Daendels issued a decree pindahnya capital city and at the same time as lifting Raden Syrian Patih Parakanmuncang. Since these events serve as the September 25 anniversary of Bandung and RA Wiranatakusumah as the founding father. Now replace the name enshrined Cipaganti road, where this region became regent during the housing capital move to square now.
• 24 March 1946 - Bandung Pembumihangusan by the freedom fighter known as the 'Bandung Lautan Api' and enshrined in the song "Halo-Halo Bandung".
• 1955 - Asia-Africa Conference held on 18 April 1955 at Gedung Merdeka, the first named "Concordia" which is located on Jl. Asia Africa, opposed the Savoy Homann hotel.
• 2005 - KTT Asia-Africa २००५
• In 2006, Bandung city terkotor predicate get from the government, this is closely related to the emergency status of the waste was going on in Bandung on the year.
  

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• 1488 - Bandung didirikan sebagai bagian dari Kerajaan Pajajaran.
• 1799 - VOC mengalami kebangkrutan sehingga wilayah kekuasaannya di Nusantara diambilalih oleh pemerintah Belanda. Saat itu Bandung dipimpin oleh Bupati R.A. Wiranatakusumah II.
• 1808 - Belanda mengangkat Herman Willem Daendels sebagai Gubernur Jenderal di Nusantara setelah ditinggalkan वोक।
• 1809 - Bupati memerintahkan pemindahan ibu kota dari Karapyak ke daerah pinggiran Sungai Cikapundung (alun-alun sekarang) yang waktu itu masih hutan tapi sudah ada permukiman di sebelah utara.
• 1810 - Daendels menancapkan tongkat di pinggir sungai Cikapundung yang berseberangan dengan alun-alun sekarang. “Zorg, dat als ik terug kom hier een stad is gebouwd!” (Usahakan, bila aku datang kembali ke sini, sebuah kota telah dibangun!”). Sekarang tempat itu menjadi titik pusat atau KM 0 kota Bandung.
• 25 Mei 1810 - Daendels meminta bupati Bandung dan Parakanmuncang memindahkan ibukota ke wilayah tersebut.
• 25 September 1810 - Daendels mengeluarkan surat keputusan pindahnya ibu kota Bandung dan sekaligus pengangkatan Raden Suria sebagai Patih Parakanmuncang। Sejak peristiwa tersebut 25 September dijadikan sebagai hari jadi kota Bandung dan R.A. Wiranatakusumah sebagai the founding father. Sekarang nama tersebut diabadikan menggantikan jalan Cipaganti, di mana wilayah ini menjadi rumah tinggal bupati sewaktu ibu kota berpindah ke alun-alun sekarang.
• 24 Maret 1946 - Pembumihangusan Bandung oleh para pejuang kemerdekaan yang dikenal dengan sebutan 'Bandung Lautan Api' dan diabadikan dalam lagu "Halo-Halo Bandung".
• 1955 - Konferensi Asia-Afrika diadakan pada tanggal 18 April 1955 di Gedung Merdeka yang dahulu bernama "Concordia" yang berlokasi di Jl. Asia Afrika, berseberangan dengan hotel Savoy Homann.
• 2005 - KTT Asia-Afrika २००५
• Pada tahun 2006 Bandung mendapatkan predikat kota terkotor dari pemerintah, hal ini bertalian erat dengan status darurat sampah yang sempat terjadi di Bandung pada tahun tersebut.
  

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The Summary...

History Of Bandung

The earliest reference to the city dates back to 1488, but archaeological findings suggest a type of Homo erectus species had lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung.[10] During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) opened plantations in the Bandung area. A supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was built in 1786. In 1809, Louis Napoleon, the ruler of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to increase the defensive systems of Java against the British from India. Daendels built a road, stretching approximately 1,000 km (621 miles) from the west to the east coast of Java, and passing through Bandung.[11][12] In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'main post road'), the present-day site of Asia-Afrika Street. Under Daendels' orders, R.A. Wiranatakusumah II, the chief administration of the Bandung regency at that time, moved its office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the city square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical orientation.[13] The pendopo faces Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience.

In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was built,[14] boosting light industry in Bandung. Chinese who had previously never lived in the city flocked to help run facilities, services and selling vendor machines. The old Chinatown district in Bandung is still recognisable in the railroad station vicinity. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality) and then later as stadsgemeente (city municipality) in 1926.

In the beginning of the 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move the capital of Dutch East Indies from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government started building military barracks, the central government building (Gouvernments Bedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. This plan, however, was cut short by World War II after which the Dutch were not able to re-established their colony.

The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[15] With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area.[16] Rich plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting girls and businessmen from the capital, Batavia. Braga Street grew into a promenade street with cafes, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a club house for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.[14] The nickname "Parijs van Java" was given to the city.

Gedung Merdeka during the Asian-African Conference in 1955

After the Indonesian Independence in 1945, Bandung was determined as the capital of West Java province. During the 1945–1949 independence struggle against the Dutch when they wanted to reclaim their colonies, Bandung was one of the heaviest battle places. The Dutch military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants left; an event known as the Bandung Lautan Api or 'Bandung Sea of Flame'.[17]

In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference was held in Bandung, attended by head of states representing twenty-nine countries and colonies from Asia and Africa. The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced 10 points of declaration on world peace promotion and oppositions against colonialism, known as the Declaration of Bandung, which followed by wave of nationalism movements around the globe and remapped the world politics.[18] The conference was also the first international conference of colored people in the history of mankind.[19] Richard Wright in his book, The Color Curtain, captured the epic meanings of the conference for people of color around the world.[19] Even black freedom movement activists in the United States referred Bandung as Afro-Asian solidarity in 1960s.[20]

In 1987, the city boundary was expanded with the Greater Bandung (Bandung Raya) plan; a relocation of higher concentration development outside the city in an attempt to dilute some of population in the old city. During its development, however, the city core is often uprooted, old faces are torn down, lot sizes regrouped, and what was idyllic residence is bustling chain

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Visit Bandung

Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city. Located 768 m (2,520 ft) above sea level, Bandung has relatively year-around cooler temperature than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin and surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topology provides the city with a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason of Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.

The Dutch colonials first opened tea plantantions around the mountains in the eighteenth century, followed by a road construction connecting the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The European inhabitants of the city demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906 and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for the plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened of which the city was dubbed as Parijs van Java.

After Indonesian independence, the city experienced a rapid development and urbanization that has transformed Bandung from idyllic town into a dense 15,000 people/km² metropolitan area, a living space for over 2 million people. Natural resources have been exploited excessively, particularly in the conversions of protected upland area into highland villa and real estates. Although the city has encountered many problems, ranging from waste disposal, floods to chaotic traffic system, Bandung however still has its charm to attract people flocking into the city, either as weekend travellers or living in.

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